我研究人类视觉和机器视觉，重点是利用人类视觉的优势来启发新一代人工智能（AI）——我称之为“强认知”的视角。
我相信人类视觉极其非凡，它使人类能够回答比“看见了什么”和“看见在哪里”更具洞察力的问题。人类智能中许多复杂的心理概念都源于视觉，包括直觉性的因果理论、物理学知识和行动者概念。这些是人类常识的基本构件。
这种常识性的特质可以从三个方面理解：
(a) 它们在人类（以及许多其他动物）之间普遍共享；
(b) 由一个视觉场景提供的知识，通常会被观看该场景的所有观察者所共享；
(c) 丰富的视觉场景理解并不限于特定任务，而是可以广泛应用于解决多种任务。
因此，基于视觉的常识构成了广泛人类智能行为的基础，包括计划、推理、问题解决、语言，甚至道德。
我的目标是构建具有人类式常识知识的人工智能，仅通过共享同一个视觉环境，就能以直观、有效且可信的方式去理解、合作并与人类沟通。
【说人话就是：我研究人类的“常识”——那些强大、直觉，却往往不自知的心理智能。我希望扎根于当代哲学和认知科学的理论，并通过计算建模的方式，建立起“理论—认知结构—算法—行为”之间的桥梁，也看看能不能让机器学会人类那套“顺手就会”的本事。】
如果你对这些话题也有兴趣，欢迎发邮件联系我！学科背景不限，但请务必告诉我你的特别之处：
1.能把抽象理论讲明白（哲学/认知理论功底扎实）
2.会把想法写成代码跑起来（编程/算法开发靠谱）
3.有独到的跨界视角（原专业或自学领域带来的新思路、新方法）
4.其他
2024–至今 优秀青年学者
苏州大学 教育学院
2020–2023 博士后研究员
浙江大学 心理与行为科学系
2018–2020 博士后研究员
加州大学洛杉矶分校（UCLA） 统计系
2012–2018 博士
浙江大学 心理与行为科学系
社会知觉
生成式视觉
人类合作
认知建模
语言-视觉的共同基础
人工智能与社会科学（心理学）
可能有滞后，最新版请参见：https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=je4MMTkAAAAJ
Journal Articles
Tang, N., Gong, S., Zhao. M., Zhou, J., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2025). Joint Commitment in
Human Cooperative Hunting through an “Imagined We”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Li, Z., Gong, S-Y., Tang, N., Zhang, J-Y., Zhou, J-F., Shen, M, & Gao, T. (Under review). Perceptual
grouping limits war.
Tang, N., Gong, S., Zhou, J., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2023). Generative visual common sense: Testing
analysis-by-synthesis on Mondrian-style image. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
General. doi: 10.1037/xge0001413. Online ahead of print.
Cheng, S., Zhao, M., Tang, N., Zhao, Y., Zhou, J., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2023). Intention beyond desire:
Spontaneous intentional commitment regulates conflicting desires. Cognition, 238, 105513.
Zhao. M., Tang, N., Dahmani, A.L., Zhu, Y., Rossano F., & Gao T. (2022). Sharing rewards
undermines coordinated hunting. Journal of Computational Biology, 29(9), 1022-1030.
Gao, T., Baker, C. L., Tang, N., Xu, H., & Tenenbaum, J.B. (2019). The Cognitive Architecture of
Intentionality Perception: Animacy, Attention and Memory. Cognitive Science, 43(8), e12775
Tang, N., An, W., Xu, H., Zhou, J., Gao, T., & Shen, M. (2017). From “Data” to “Representation”:
How human cognition can inspire artificial intelligence. Chinese Journal of Applied
Psychology, 24(1), 3-14.
Xu, H., Tang, N., Zhou, J., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2017). Seeing “what” through “why”: Probing the
causal structure of hierarchical motion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 146(6),
896-909
Gao, Z., Gao, Q., Tang, N., Shui, R., & Shen, M. (2016). Organization principles in visual
working memory: Evidence from sequential stimulus display. Cognition, 146, 277-288.
Shen, M., Tang, N., Wu, F., Shui, R., & Gao, Z. (2013). Robust object-based encoding in visual
working memory. Journal of vision, 13(2), 1-1.
Zhang, Q., Shen, M., Tang, N., Zhao, G., & Gao, Z. (2013). Object-based encoding in visual
working memory: A life span study. Journal of vision, 13(10), 11-11
Conference Papers
Tang, N., Gong, S., Zhao, M., Gu, C., Zhou, J., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2022). Exploring an Imagined
“We” in Human Collective Hunting: Joint Commitment within Shared Intentionality. In J.
Culbertson, A. Perfors, H. Rabagliati, and V. Ramenzoni (Eds.), Proceedings of the 44th
Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Toronto, Canada: Cognitive Science
Society.
Li, Z., Tang, N., Zhang, J., Gong, S., Zhou, J., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2022). Perceptual Grouping for
War and Peace. In J. Culbertson, A. Perfors, H. Rabagliati, and V. Ramenzoni (Eds.),
Proceedings of the 44th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Toronto,
Canada: Cognitive Science Society.
Tang, N., Gong, S., Liao, Z., Xu, H., Zhou J., Shen, M., & Gao T. (2021). Jointly Perceiving Physics
and Mind: Motion, Force and Intention. In T. Fitch, C. Lamm, H. Leder, & K Teßmar-Raible
(Eds.), Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.
Cognitive Science Society.
Zhao, M., Tang, N., Dahmani, A. L., Perry, R. R., Zhu, Y., Rossano, F., & Gao, T. (2021). Sharing is
not Needed: Modeling Animal Coordinated Hunting with Reinforcement Learning. In T.
Fitch, C. Lamm, H. Leder, & K Teßmar-Raible (Eds.), Proceedings of the 43rd Annual
Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society.
Cheng, S., Tang, N., An, W., Zhao, Y., Zhou, J., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2021). Intention beyond Desire:
Humans Spontaneously Commit to Future Actions. In T. Fitch, C. Lamm, H. Leder, & K
Teßmar-Raible (Eds.), Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science
Society. Cognitive Science Society.
Tang, N., Stacy, S., Zhao, M., Marquez, G., & Gao, T. (2020). Bootstrapping an Imagined We for
cooperation. In B. Armstrong, S. Denison, S. Mack, & Y. Xu (Eds.), Proceedings of the 42nd
Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Toronto, Canada: Cognitive Science
Society.
Conference Talks
Tang, N., Gong, S., Liao, Z., Xu, H., Zhou J., Shen, M., & Gao T. (2021). Jointly Perceiving Physics
and Mind: Motion, Force and Intention. Talk given at the 43rd Annual Conference of the
Cognitive Science Society, 7/29/21, Online.
Tang, N., Xu, H., Baker, C. L., Tenenbaum, J. B., & Gao, T. (2019). The Cognitive Architecture of
Intentionality Perception: Animacy, Attention and Memory. Talk given at the annual meeting of
the Vision Sciences Society, 5/18/19, St. Pete Beach, FL.
Tang, N., Wu, F., Shui, R., Shen, M., & Gao, Z. (2013). Robust object-based encoding in visual
working memory. Talk given at the 9th Asia‐Pacific Conference on Vision, 7/06/14, Suzhou,
China.
Conference Posters
Li, Z., Tang, N., Zhang, J., Zhou, J., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2022). Perceptual Grouping for War and
Peace [Poster presentation]. The annual meeting of the Vision Sciences Society 2022 (VVSS 2022). Virtual: Vision Sciences Society.
Cheng, S-Z., Tang, N., An, W., Zhou, J-F., Shen, M-W., & Gao, T. (2021). Intention beyond desire:
Humans spontaneously commit to future actions. Proceedings of the 43rd Annual
Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.
Cheng, S., Tang, N., An, W., Zhao, Y., Zhou J., Shen, M., & Gao T. (2021). Intention beyond
desire: Commitment in human action [Poster presentation]. The 47th annual meeting of the
Society for Philosophy and Psychology (47th SPP). Virtual: Society for Philosophy and
Psychology.
Cheng, S., Tang, N., An, W., Zhao, Y., Zhou J., Shen, M., & Gao T. (2020). Intention beyond
desire: Commitment in human action. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the VisionSciences Society, 6/22/20, Virtual-VSS. [Abstract published in Journal of Vision, 20(10),
1723]
Cheng, S., Tang, N., An, W., Zhao, Y., Zhou J., Shen, M., & Gao T. (2020). Intention beyond
desire: Commitment in human action. Poster accepted by the 46th annual meeting of the
Society for Philosophy and Psychology (canceled due to the COVID-19).
Tang, N., Xu, H., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2019). Jointly perceiving physics and mind. Poster
presented at the annual meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, 5/21/19, St. Pete Beach, FL.
[Abstract published in Journal of Vision, 19(10), 280]
Xu, H., Tang, N., Zhou, J., Shui, R., Shen, W., Gao, T. (2018). Perceiving animacy with causal
constraints: A leash resistance effect in chasing detection. Poster presented at the annual
meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, 5/19/18, St. Pete Beach, FL. [Abstract published in
Journal of Vision, 18(10), 57]
Tang, N., Xu, H., Zhou, J., Shui, R., Shen, W., Gao, T. (2018). A causal model of recursive scene
parsing in human perception. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Vision Sciences
Society, 5/21/18, St. Pete Beach, FL. [Abstract published in Journal of Vision, 18(10), 750]
Tang, N., Xu, H., Zhou, J., Shui, R., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2017). Seeing the Intrinsic Structures of
Visual Scenes: Hierarchical Structure Improves Working Memory for Visual Scenes. Poster
presented at the 29th APS Annual Convention, 5/27/17, Boston, MA.
我研究人类视觉和机器视觉，重点是利用人类视觉的优势来启发新一代人工智能（AI）——我称之为“强认知”的视角。
我相信人类视觉极其非凡，它使人类能够回答比“看见了什么”和“看见在哪里”更具洞察力的问题。人类智能中许多复杂的心理概念都源于视觉，包括直觉性的因果理论、物理学知识和行动者概念。这些是人类常识的基本构件。
这种常识性的特质可以从三个方面理解：
(a) 它们在人类（以及许多其他动物）之间普遍共享；
(b) 由一个视觉场景提供的知识，通常会被观看该场景的所有观察者所共享；
(c) 丰富的视觉场景理解并不限于特定任务，而是可以广泛应用于解决多种任务。
因此，基于视觉的常识构成了广泛人类智能行为的基础，包括计划、推理、问题解决、语言，甚至道德。
我的目标是构建具有人类式常识知识的人工智能，仅通过共享同一个视觉环境，就能以直观、有效且可信的方式去理解、合作并与人类沟通。
【说人话就是：我研究人类的“常识”——那些强大、直觉，却往往不自知的心理智能。我希望扎根于当代哲学和认知科学的理论，并通过计算建模的方式，建立起“理论—认知结构—算法—行为”之间的桥梁，也看看能不能让机器学会人类那套“顺手就会”的本事。】
如果你对这些话题也有兴趣，欢迎发邮件联系我！学科背景不限，但请务必告诉我你的特别之处：
1.能把抽象理论讲明白（哲学/认知理论功底扎实）
2.会把想法写成代码跑起来（编程/算法开发靠谱）
3.有独到的跨界视角（原专业或自学领域带来的新思路、新方法）
4.其他
2024–至今 优秀青年学者
苏州大学 教育学院
2020–2023 博士后研究员
浙江大学 心理与行为科学系
2018–2020 博士后研究员
加州大学洛杉矶分校（UCLA） 统计系
2012–2018 博士
浙江大学 心理与行为科学系
社会知觉
生成式视觉
人类合作
认知建模
语言-视觉的共同基础
人工智能与社会科学（心理学）
可能有滞后，最新版请参见：https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=je4MMTkAAAAJ
Journal Articles
Tang, N., Gong, S., Zhao. M., Zhou, J., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2025). Joint Commitment in
Human Cooperative Hunting through an “Imagined We”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Li, Z., Gong, S-Y., Tang, N., Zhang, J-Y., Zhou, J-F., Shen, M, & Gao, T. (Under review). Perceptual
grouping limits war.
Tang, N., Gong, S., Zhou, J., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2023). Generative visual common sense: Testing
analysis-by-synthesis on Mondrian-style image. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
General. doi: 10.1037/xge0001413. Online ahead of print.
Cheng, S., Zhao, M., Tang, N., Zhao, Y., Zhou, J., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2023). Intention beyond desire:
Spontaneous intentional commitment regulates conflicting desires. Cognition, 238, 105513.
Zhao. M., Tang, N., Dahmani, A.L., Zhu, Y., Rossano F., & Gao T. (2022). Sharing rewards
undermines coordinated hunting. Journal of Computational Biology, 29(9), 1022-1030.
Gao, T., Baker, C. L., Tang, N., Xu, H., & Tenenbaum, J.B. (2019). The Cognitive Architecture of
Intentionality Perception: Animacy, Attention and Memory. Cognitive Science, 43(8), e12775
Tang, N., An, W., Xu, H., Zhou, J., Gao, T., & Shen, M. (2017). From “Data” to “Representation”:
How human cognition can inspire artificial intelligence. Chinese Journal of Applied
Psychology, 24(1), 3-14.
Xu, H., Tang, N., Zhou, J., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2017). Seeing “what” through “why”: Probing the
causal structure of hierarchical motion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 146(6),
896-909
Gao, Z., Gao, Q., Tang, N., Shui, R., & Shen, M. (2016). Organization principles in visual
working memory: Evidence from sequential stimulus display. Cognition, 146, 277-288.
Shen, M., Tang, N., Wu, F., Shui, R., & Gao, Z. (2013). Robust object-based encoding in visual
working memory. Journal of vision, 13(2), 1-1.
Zhang, Q., Shen, M., Tang, N., Zhao, G., & Gao, Z. (2013). Object-based encoding in visual
working memory: A life span study. Journal of vision, 13(10), 11-11
Conference Papers
Tang, N., Gong, S., Zhao, M., Gu, C., Zhou, J., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2022). Exploring an Imagined
“We” in Human Collective Hunting: Joint Commitment within Shared Intentionality. In J.
Culbertson, A. Perfors, H. Rabagliati, and V. Ramenzoni (Eds.), Proceedings of the 44th
Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Toronto, Canada: Cognitive Science
Society.
Li, Z., Tang, N., Zhang, J., Gong, S., Zhou, J., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2022). Perceptual Grouping for
War and Peace. In J. Culbertson, A. Perfors, H. Rabagliati, and V. Ramenzoni (Eds.),
Proceedings of the 44th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Toronto,
Canada: Cognitive Science Society.
Tang, N., Gong, S., Liao, Z., Xu, H., Zhou J., Shen, M., & Gao T. (2021). Jointly Perceiving Physics
and Mind: Motion, Force and Intention. In T. Fitch, C. Lamm, H. Leder, & K Teßmar-Raible
(Eds.), Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.
Cognitive Science Society.
Zhao, M., Tang, N., Dahmani, A. L., Perry, R. R., Zhu, Y., Rossano, F., & Gao, T. (2021). Sharing is
not Needed: Modeling Animal Coordinated Hunting with Reinforcement Learning. In T.
Fitch, C. Lamm, H. Leder, & K Teßmar-Raible (Eds.), Proceedings of the 43rd Annual
Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society.
Cheng, S., Tang, N., An, W., Zhao, Y., Zhou, J., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2021). Intention beyond Desire:
Humans Spontaneously Commit to Future Actions. In T. Fitch, C. Lamm, H. Leder, & K
Teßmar-Raible (Eds.), Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science
Society. Cognitive Science Society.
Tang, N., Stacy, S., Zhao, M., Marquez, G., & Gao, T. (2020). Bootstrapping an Imagined We for
cooperation. In B. Armstrong, S. Denison, S. Mack, & Y. Xu (Eds.), Proceedings of the 42nd
Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Toronto, Canada: Cognitive Science
Society.
Conference Talks
Tang, N., Gong, S., Liao, Z., Xu, H., Zhou J., Shen, M., & Gao T. (2021). Jointly Perceiving Physics
and Mind: Motion, Force and Intention. Talk given at the 43rd Annual Conference of the
Cognitive Science Society, 7/29/21, Online.
Tang, N., Xu, H., Baker, C. L., Tenenbaum, J. B., & Gao, T. (2019). The Cognitive Architecture of
Intentionality Perception: Animacy, Attention and Memory. Talk given at the annual meeting of
the Vision Sciences Society, 5/18/19, St. Pete Beach, FL.
Tang, N., Wu, F., Shui, R., Shen, M., & Gao, Z. (2013). Robust object-based encoding in visual
working memory. Talk given at the 9th Asia‐Pacific Conference on Vision, 7/06/14, Suzhou,
China.
Conference Posters
Li, Z., Tang, N., Zhang, J., Zhou, J., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2022). Perceptual Grouping for War and
Peace [Poster presentation]. The annual meeting of the Vision Sciences Society 2022 (VVSS 2022). Virtual: Vision Sciences Society.
Cheng, S-Z., Tang, N., An, W., Zhou, J-F., Shen, M-W., & Gao, T. (2021). Intention beyond desire:
Humans spontaneously commit to future actions. Proceedings of the 43rd Annual
Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.
Cheng, S., Tang, N., An, W., Zhao, Y., Zhou J., Shen, M., & Gao T. (2021). Intention beyond
desire: Commitment in human action [Poster presentation]. The 47th annual meeting of the
Society for Philosophy and Psychology (47th SPP). Virtual: Society for Philosophy and
Psychology.
Cheng, S., Tang, N., An, W., Zhao, Y., Zhou J., Shen, M., & Gao T. (2020). Intention beyond
desire: Commitment in human action. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the VisionSciences Society, 6/22/20, Virtual-VSS. [Abstract published in Journal of Vision, 20(10),
1723]
Cheng, S., Tang, N., An, W., Zhao, Y., Zhou J., Shen, M., & Gao T. (2020). Intention beyond
desire: Commitment in human action. Poster accepted by the 46th annual meeting of the
Society for Philosophy and Psychology (canceled due to the COVID-19).
Tang, N., Xu, H., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2019). Jointly perceiving physics and mind. Poster
presented at the annual meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, 5/21/19, St. Pete Beach, FL.
[Abstract published in Journal of Vision, 19(10), 280]
Xu, H., Tang, N., Zhou, J., Shui, R., Shen, W., Gao, T. (2018). Perceiving animacy with causal
constraints: A leash resistance effect in chasing detection. Poster presented at the annual
meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, 5/19/18, St. Pete Beach, FL. [Abstract published in
Journal of Vision, 18(10), 57]
Tang, N., Xu, H., Zhou, J., Shui, R., Shen, W., Gao, T. (2018). A causal model of recursive scene
parsing in human perception. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Vision Sciences
Society, 5/21/18, St. Pete Beach, FL. [Abstract published in Journal of Vision, 18(10), 750]
Tang, N., Xu, H., Zhou, J., Shui, R., Shen, M., & Gao, T. (2017). Seeing the Intrinsic Structures of
Visual Scenes: Hierarchical Structure Improves Working Memory for Visual Scenes. Poster
presented at the 29th APS Annual Convention, 5/27/17, Boston, MA.